Low-Energy Buildings

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present invention is to create such construction of outer wall and ceiling, as is needed to lead the dry water steam (water gas) away from the room through the wall, according to the Fick law of concentration declivity and natural steam pressure flow diffusion, without the water steam being able to concentrate to the condensation water in the wall.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical solution according to present invention concerns the construction of the low-energy houses without condensation water.

BACKGROUND ART

The disadvantage of all low-energy and passive houses is that there must be an absolutely airtight and vapor proof prevention, or vapor proof brake inserted into the inner wall side. This is necessary to avoid the infiltration of the water steam (=water gas), occurring in every house by the respiration of its inhabitants and by other activities connected with water, to the walls, where it concentrates into the condensation water, causes the walls damages and supports the growth of the mould. The vapor proof prevention, or vapor proof brake holds the water steam in the room and escalates the level of the relative air humidity. The relative air humidity, which is the mixture of air and dry water steam (=water gas), has to be held on as low level as the water steam could not concentrate on cold outer walls on the vapor proof protection or vapor proof brake and cause growth of the mould, for which it is necessary to lower the rate of the water gas in the air of the room by the ventilation.

This can be achieved by the window opening, but this leads to loosing heat in the room. In the low-energy and passive houses, there are mechanical ventilators with or without the heat regeneration installed so that the heat could be saved. These ventilators need electricity, are expensive and installation costing. For lowering the relative air humidity in the room and elimination of the gas fumes, smells and allergens, these ventilators must change about 200-300 times as much air as it would be needed for the inhabitants' respiration. This huge amount of polluted exhaled air must be cleaned in air filters, causing permanent dust swirl and air draught in the room. If the filters and air outlets are not continuously carefully cleaned, there is the danger of viruses and bacteria occurrence, which are exhausted from the filters into the air being respired by the inhabitants and together with dust threaten their health. Nevertheless, these ventilators cause ventilation heat waste, which raises the heat energy consumption of the house, and for their regular function, it is necessary to have the windows closed, which negatively influences the good state of inhabitants' health.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The aim of present invention is to create such construction of, outer wall and ceiling, as is needed to lead the dry water steam (water gas) away from the room through the wall, according to the Fick law of concentration declivity and natural steam pressure flow diffusion, without the water steam being able to concentrate to the condensation water in the wall. By this, all ventilators became needless. According to present invention, it is possible to reach set aim by heating the outer surface of the inner house with the warm air section between the inner and the outer house as much as the temperature there is always above the water vapor dew point and the inner wall, based on the building materials, open vapor diffusion, and heat insulating materials, is able to let the water steam through even without the vapor proof brakes or vapor proof preventions. All natural namely organic building materials, having low vapor diffusion resistance and heat accumulation ability, are suitable for this.

The necessary temperature of the air section between the inner and the outer house is reached by the utilization of the light greenhouse effect. Likewise by the heat loss of the inner house and the heat stored under the inner house and in the walls of the inner house and under the outer house. The water steam leaking from the inner house through the diffusively open cover of the inner house into the outer house, closed down from the outer air, is, due to its weight, which is lighter than the air weight, led by the natural lift through the gaps in the roof and the house-top to the outer space. According to present invention, the greenhouse heat is created by the in-leaking of the daylight through see-through areas which are constructed proportionally for every building in different sizes. Thus it is possible without the condensation water to build arbitrarily big and even multistory houses in any arbitral shape and outer design, even without vapor proof brake and vapor proof protection. The framework of metal and wood carries both inner and outer house. The stability can be ensured also by the construction of diffusely open and heat insulated walls of masonry or by the method of building using wooden boards or wooden stands/pedestals.

The present invention is represented on the FIG. 1 and shows the intersection of a two-story house.

DISCLOSURE OF FIGURES

-   1. the outer wall of the outer house; -   2. the thermally insulated diffusely open wall and ceiling of the     inner house; -   3. the air section warmed up by the light greenhouse effect; -   4. the framework; -   5. the glass roof; -   6. the roof area covered with either glass or other roofing,     according to the air section's need of heat; -   7. heat distribution.

INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION

The construction of residences is utilizable in building, industry and agriculture. 

1-10. (canceled)
 11. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls, characterized by being composed of and utilizing the warm air section between the inner and the outer house, and consists of the framework, thermally insulated diffusely open wall and ceiling of the inner part of the inner house, air section warmed up by the greenhouse effect of the light, the framework, transparent or common roof, heat distribution, the house framework of metal, silicates and wood, which carries both the outer and the inner house, where inside of the house neither water vapor nor other gas in-leaking through the wall in heat insulated cover of the house can concentrate.
 12. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls, according to claim 11, characterized by consisting of gaps in the roof and the garret area for gas in the air section between the outer house and the inner house, which escape with the natural lift through the non-closeable gaps in the roof and the garret area to the outer space.
 13. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the fact, that the houses constructed according to said construction can be of any size, number of stores and ground plan.
 14. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the part of the roof being composed of see-through material transmitting light.
 15. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the roof and the outer wall surface consists either of a common roofing or a transparent material, according to the need of the air section heat.
 16. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the framework being composed of metal, wood or a mineral material or any combination of said materials and statically carries both the inner and the outer house.
 17. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the roof and the outer house wall consists of any water repelling and wind resistant material.
 18. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the inner house wall being composed of carrying heat insulated material, e.g. silicate, masonry, or concrete and in the wall area substituting the framework, where the necessary gap for the air section between the inner and the outer house is as the substitute of the framework ensured as the air section is openly connected with the housetop air and the area between the bigger outer house and the smaller inner house.
 19. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the outer house is always arbitrarily bigger then the inner house.
 20. Diffusely open construction of low-energy houses walls, which without a vapor proof protection and vapor proof brake obstructs the creation of condensation water in and on walls and ceiling, according to claim 11, characterized by the heat distribution, located on the inner surface of the house is advantageously used for the distribution of a heat medium for heating or a cold medium for cooling. 